Geology 105: History of Life
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Lecture Notes
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Introduction and Overview
Fossils 1
Fossils 2
Geologic Principles
Relative Time
Absolute Time
Diversity of Life
Evolution
Evolution and Diversity
Rates of Evolution
Extinction
Plate Tectonics
Origin of the Earth
Origin of Life
Early Precambrian (Archean) Life
Late Precambrian (Proterozoic) Life
The Cambrian Explosion
Early Paleozoic Life
Late Paleozoic Marine Life
The Invasion of Land 1
The Invasion of Land 2
The Permo-Triassic Extinctions
Mesozoic Marine Life
Mesozoic Terrestrial Life
Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions
Cenozoic Life

The Invasion of Land 2

Lecture 21
4/17/98

Introduction
 Today, we continue our discussion of the invasion of land in the late Palezoic, by examining the fossil record of the early arthropods and vertebrates.
Key Points
 Animals had to solve the same problems that plants faced when moving to land.
 The evolutionary advances that solved these problems not only allowed animals to invade land, but also to radiate over the continents.
Requirements for Animals
 Gas exchange
 Structure
 Maintain moisture
 Reproduction
 Thermoregulation
The insect invasion
 occured in the late Silurian? to early Devonian
 Why move to land?
 early arthropods
 millipedes
 scorpions
 spiders
 wingless insects
 Fossil record
 Mazon Creek fossils
 late Carboniferous (300 Ma)
 Francis Creek Shale in Illinois
The vertebrate Invasion
 occured in the late Devonian
 Why move to land?
 early vertebrates
 Amphibians
 mostly predators
 Ichthyostega
 late Devonian
 quite similar to rhipidistian fish
 Reptiles
 first appear in the early Carboniferous
 small lizard like animals
 Hylonomus
 Permian Reptiles
 Reptiles make a major radiation in the Permain
 Major Groups
 Anapsids
 modern turtles
 Synapsids
 Pelycosaurs
 Therapsids (mammal-like reptiles)
 Diapsids
 Dinosaurs
 birds
 other modern reptiles